Hardware knowledge class: CNC machine tool maintenance and maintenance

The key to preventive maintenance is to strengthen daily maintenance. The main maintenance tasks include the following:

1. Daily inspection

Its main items include hydraulic system, rail lubrication system, cooling system, and air pressure system. The daily inspection is based on the normal conditions of each system. For example, when the process of the spindle lubrication system is tested, the power light should be on. The pump should operate normally, if the power light is not on, the spindle should be kept in a stopped state, and contact the mechanical engineer for maintenance.

2. Weekly inspection

Its main items include machine tool parts and spindle lubrication system, which should be checked correctly every week, especially for machine tool parts to remove iron filings and clean up external debris.

3. Monthly inspection

Mainly to check the power supply and the air dryer. The power supply voltage is rated at 180V-220V under normal conditions, and the frequency is 50Hz. If there is any abnormality, it must be measured and adjusted. The air dryer should be removed once a month. Then clean and assemble.

4. Seasonal inspection

The quarterly inspection should mainly check the machine bed, hydraulic system, and spindle lubrication system. For example, when inspecting the machine bed, it mainly depends on the accuracy of the machine tool and whether the level of the machine tool meets the requirements in the manual. If there is a problem , You should contact the mechanical engineer immediately. When checking the hydraulic system and the spindle lubrication system, if there is any problem, you should replace the new oil 60L and 20L, and clean it.

5. Semi-annual inspection

After half a year, the hydraulic system, spindle lubrication system and X-axis of the machine tool should be checked. If there is a problem, new oil should be replaced, and then cleaning work. After fully familiarizing and mastering the knowledge of preventive maintenance, return It is necessary to have a deeper understanding and necessary mastery of the causes and treatment of abnormal phenomena in the hydraulic system. For example, when the oil pump does not inject fuel, the pressure is abnormal, and there is noise, you should know what the main reasons are and what are the corresponding solutions. method.

The causes and treatment of abnormal phenomena in the oil pump system should be understood from three aspects:

(1) The main reasons why the oil pump does not spray oil may be the liquid level paper in the oil tank, the oil pump reversal, the speed is too low, the oil viscosity is too high, the oil temperature is low, the filter is blocked, the oil suction pipe piping volume is too large, and Air intake at the oil port, damage to the shaft and rotor, etc.There are corresponding solutions to the main reasons, such as filling up with oil, confirming the sign, and changing it when the oil pump is reversed.

(2) The pressure is abnormal, that is, the pressure is too high or too low. The main reasons are also various, such as improper pressure setting, poor operation of the pressure regulating valve coil, abnormal pressure gauge, leakage of the hydraulic system, etc. Corresponding solutions include dismantling and cleaning according to the prescribed pressure setting, changing to a normal pressure gauge, and checking in sequence according to the system.

(3) The noise is mainly produced by the oil pump and the valve. When the valve is noisy, the reason is that the flow exceeds the rated standard, and the flow should be adjusted appropriately. When the oil pump is noisy, the reason and the corresponding solutions There are also many aspects, such as high oil viscosity and low oil temperature. The solution is to raise the oil temperature and when there are bubbles in the oil, the air in the system should be released. In short, we must do a good job of preventive maintenance of CNC machine tools.