Tool structure introduction

The tool die is the part that generates and handles chips, including structural elements such as the cutting edge, the structure to break or roll up the chips, the space for chip removal or storage, and the passage of cutting fluid. The working part of some tools is the cutting part, such as turning tools, planers, boring cutters and milling cutters, etc.; the working part of some tools includes cutting parts and calibration parts, such as drills, reamers, reamers, and inner surface drawing. Knife and tap etc. The function of the cutting part is to remove the chips with the cutting edge, and the function of the calibration part is to smooth the machined surface and guide the tool.

The structure of the working part of the tool has three types: integral type, welding type and mechanical clamping type:

The overall structure is to make a cutting edge on the tool body;

The welding structure is to braze the blade to the steel body;

There are two kinds of mechanical clamping structures, one is to clamp the blade on the cutter body, and the other is to clamp the brazed cutter head on the cutter body.

Cemented carbide knives are generally made of welded structure or mechanical clamping structure; porcelain knives are all made of mechanical clamping structure.

The geometric parameters of the cutting part of the tool have a great influence on the cutting efficiency and the processing quality. Increasing the rake angle can reduce the plastic deformation when the rake face squeezes the cutting layer, reduce the frictional resistance of the chip flowing through the front, thereby reducing the cutting force and cutting heat. However, increasing the rake angle will reduce the strength of the cutting edge and reduce the heat dissipation volume of the cutter head.

When choosing the angle of the tool, it is necessary to consider the influence of many factors, such as workpiece material, tool material, machining properties (rough and fine machining), etc., which must be selected reasonably according to the specific situation. Generally speaking, the tool angle refers to the marking angle used for manufacturing and measurement. In actual work, due to the different installation positions of the tool and the change of the cutting motion direction, the actual working angle and the marked angle are different, but the difference is usually very small. .